HYPOTHYROIDISM | Cause, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Diet & HOMEOPATHY
Underactivity of the thyroid is called hypothyroidism. When the cause lies in the thyroid it is called primary hypothyroidism; when it is due to a lack of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) subsequent to pituitary failure, it is called secondary hypothyroidism. Primary hypothyroidism can be clinical or subclinical. Clinical hypothyroidism is when there are definite symptoms with a raised TSH outside the reference range and low serum thyroxine level.Some patients have few if any symptoms but have a serum TSH outside the reference range but have serum thyroxine levels within the reference range. These patients are said to be subclinically hypothyroid.
Causes of Primary
Hypothyroidism
Primary hypothyroidism results
from low levels of thyroid hormones
in the circulation as a direct result of an underproduction by the thyroid gland itself. The main causes of primary hypothyroidism are given below.
in the circulation as a direct result of an underproduction by the thyroid gland itself. The main causes of primary hypothyroidism are given below.
1. Hashimoto's
thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. It is six times
more common in women than men and presents with all the symptoms of hypothyroidism.
It may be associated with other endocrine organ deficiencies such as diabetes
mellitus or Addison's disease (Schmidt's syndrome).The patients have a rubbery
feeling thyroid and the thyroid function tests confirm hypothyroidism. The
thyroid scan shows an irregular patchy uptake. Thyroid antibodies in the blood
confirm the diagnosis. The condition is potentially premalignant and any
suspicious nodules should be biopsied to exclude lymphoma. The thyroid swelling
usually regresses on thyroid medication and surgery is very rarely indicated. On
Hashimoto's thyroiditis such as postpartum thyroiditis,De Quervains thyroiditis
and silent thyroiditis can all cause hypothyroidism.
2. Congenital - Poor
development of the thyroid, aplasia, hypoplasia or defective synthesis of
thyroid hormone-one in 4000 live births.
3. Drug causes:
• Lack of iodine
in diet
• Gross excess
iodine in diet
• Enzyme defects
in the thyroid (dyshormonogenesis)
• Over treatment
with antithyroid drugs in thyrotoxicosis
• Lithium
treatment in mental disease
• Amiodarone
treatment in heart disease
• Thalidomide
• Sunitinib
• Rifampicin
4. Surgical removal of the
thyroid.
5. Radioactive iodine treatment.
Read more: Polycystic overy syndrome | cause symptoms diet & homeopathy
Causes of Secondary Hypothyroidism
Secondary
hypothyroidism results from an underproduction of thyroid hormones from the
thyroid caused by deficient TSH stimulation by the pituitary. The main causes
are listed below:
1. Destruction of the anterior
pituitary gland due to tumor or surgery.
2. Very rarely isolated
deficiency in TSH production by the anterior pituitary gland.
3. Peripheral resistance to
thyroid hormones.
Symptoms and signs of
Hypothyroidism
The symptoms and signs of
hypothyroidism include:
Weight
gain and change in appearance with a deep voice
Cold
intolerance
Goiter
Mental
changes - ranging from depression to madness (myxoedema madness)
Coma
Constipation
Menstrual
irregularity
Deafness
Hair
loss
Coarse
dry skin with puffy eyes
Carpal
tunnel syndrome
Leg
swelling, due to heart failure
Hypothermia
in winter
Muscle
weakness.
Diagnosis of
Hypothyroidism
The
problem with making the diagnosis is thinking of it. The symptoms and signs
progress slowly over the years. In primary hypothyroidism the TSH is raised
with a low T4 and T3. In secondary hypothyroidism the TSH is low with a low T3
and T4.
Treatment of
Hypothyroidism
If there is subclinical
hypothyroidism and the TSH ranges from 6 to 10 mU/l and thyroxine levels are
within the reference range the management is controversial. It is known that
such patients with positive antibodies have a conversion rate to overt
hypothyroidism of around 5% per year. Those patients with little or no symptoms
can be safely watched with a yearly clinical review. If the antibodies are
negative the review can be done three yearly.
If there is controversy about the treatment of
subclinical hypothyroidism there is uproar about the treatment of the alleged
hypothyroid patient with TSH levels well within the reference range.
Myxoedema Coma
Myxoedema
coma is the end result of untreated hypothyroidism. The classical features are
that of hypothyroidism but with progressive weakness resulting in loss of
consciousness. This condition is common in elderly patients and has a number of
precipitating factors. The major factors are listed below:
i. Surgery
ii. Infection
iii. Drugs
iv. Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
v. Stroke
vi. Hypothermia
Myxoedema coma is a
medical emergency requiring supportive measures and replacement of
iodothyronines.
Diet (Foods to avoid in hypothyroidism)
Here are the foods to avoid
eating raw if you want to prevent a goiter:
Vegetables
Broccoli, Cabbage
Cassava root, Cauliflower
Kale,
Mustard greens
Radishes,
Rutabagas, Spinach, Turnips
Fruits
Strawberries, Peaches, Pears
Legumes/seeds/grains
Millet, Soybeans, Peanuts, Pinenuts
OILS
CANOLA
The successful rate in treatment of
hypothyroidism by homeopathy is much higher than any other system of medicine.
There are many homeopathic medicines for Hypothyroid disorders. As I always
says, a homeopathic medicine is prescribed after a detailed case taking. Your
complete physical and mental conditions are took in detail on case taking.
After analyzing your symptoms a constitutional miasmatic remedy is prescribed
by a homeopath. I am listing out some important medicines which can be given
for hypothyroid disorders. In chronic cases you will have to continue the
medicines as explained by your doctor.
Repertorial approach to
hypothyroidism
1. EXTERNAL THROAT
GOITRE, exophthalmic
exophthalmic : Aur-i.,
aur., bad., cact., calc., con., crot-h., ferr-i., ferr., Iod.,
lycps., nat-m., phos., sec., spong.
indurated :
Iod., spong.
painful : Iod.,
plat., spong.
menses, during
: Iod.
on swallowing
: Spong.
sensitive :
Kali-i.
vascular : Apis.,
calc.
2. EXTERNAL THROAT
PAIN pressing, sides
Thyroid
gland : Bar-c.
3.EXTERNAL THROAT
PAIN Soreness
Thyroid
gland : Ail., kali-i., nicc.
4.EXTERNAL THROAT
PAIN, stitching
Thyroid
gland : Am-c., iod., nat-c., spong., sulph.
5.EXTERNAL THROAT
SWELLING,
Thyroid
gland : Ail., ars., aur-s., carb-an., caust., clem., kali-i., nat-c.,
nit-ac., ol-j., thuj.
right : Merc.
sensation of :
Mag-c.
6. EXTERNAL THROAT GOITRE
: Ail., aloe., am-c., ambr., apis., aur-i., aur., bad., bell., brom.,
calc-f., calc-i., calc-s., Calc., carb-an., carb-s., caust.,
cist., con., crot-c., ferr-i., fl-ac., form., hep., Iod.,
kali-c., kali-i., lach., lap-a., lyc., lycps., mag-c., merc-i-f.,
merc-i-r., nat-c., nat-m., nat-p., nat-s., phos., plat., podo., sep., sil.,
Spong., stram., tab., tarent., tub., urt-u.
right sided :
Iod., lyc., merc-i-f., nat-c., phos., sep., sil., spong.
left : Lach.
constriction : Calc-s.,
Crot-c., iod., lyc., spong.
7.EXTERNAL THROAT INDURATION of glands : Alumn., am-c.,
ant-c., bar-c., bar-i., Bar-m., Bell., calc-f., Calc-i.,
calc-p., Calc., Carb-an., carb-s., carb-v., cist., Con.,
cupr., dulc., graph., hecla., hep., Iod., kali-i., lyc.,
merc., nat-c., nat-m., nit-ac., puls., rhus-t., sars., sep., Sil.,
spong., staph., Sulph., Tub.
like knotted
cords : Bar-i., Bar-m., Calc-i., calc., cist., dulc., hecla.,
hep., iod., lyc., merc., psor., rhus-t., sil., sulph., Tub.
Commonly
prescribed medicines are
Iodum, Baryta
carbonica, Spongia tosta
Kalium
iodatum, Calcarea iodata, Carbo animalis
Conium
maculatum, Mercurius iodatus ruber
Lachesis, Ferrum iodatum, Kalium iodatum , Apis
mellifica , Tuberculinum, Pulsatilla, Belladonna, Bryonia
Baryta
iodata ,Ntrium muriaticum, Phosphorus, Nux vom, Carcinosin
Read detailed explanation of these medicines here
Read detailed explanation of these medicines here
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The thyroid gland controls the total metabolism of the body. Hypothyroidism is most common in pregnant women. homeopathic treatment for hypothyroidism is the best way to cure thyroid problems.
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