FIBROMYALGIA | Cause, symptoms, Diagnosis & treatment

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Fibromyalgia or Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common and chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain, diffuse tenderness, and a number of other symptoms. The word “fibromyalgia” comes from the Latin term for fibrous tissue (fibro) and the Greek ones for muscle (myo) and pain (algia) which means a connective tissue pain. It affects the muscles, ligaments, other connective tissues, tendons and gastro intestinal tract.

A Gastro-enterologist may diagnose Fibromyalgia as Irritable bowel syndrome and rheumatologist as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.
Patient presents FM as persistent widespread pain, stiffness , disrupted and unrefreshing sleep, fatigue, anxiety and/or depression, and functional impairment of activities of daily living,  cognitive difficulties, often accompanied by multiple other unexplained symptoms.

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Fibromyalgia can be considered as a neurosensory characterized by abnormality in pain processing in Central nervous system (CNS). 
Scientists estimate that fibromyalgia affects 5 million Americans age 18 or older. For unknown reasons, between 80 and 90 percent of those diagnosed with fibromyalgia are women; however, men and children also can be affected. Most people are diagnosed during middle age, although the symptoms often become present earlier in life.


The NIH (National Institutes of Health, USA) says 90% of fibromyalgia patients are women. Men and children may also be affected.

Although symptoms may become present at any time during a person's life, they are most commonly reported when the patient is middle-aged.


What cause Fibromyalgia?


Scientists are not sure about the cause of FM. But there are some theories and multiple factors which can lead to FM.

1)   Low levels of serotonin: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter which affects mood, promotes sleep, and helps reduce the perception of pain.

2)    High levels of substance P: Elevated levels of substance P increase the sensitivity of nerves to pain or heighten awareness of pain.


3)   Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: Dysfunction of the HPA axis may exaggerate the effects of abnormal serotonin metabolism. Hypoactivity of the HPA axis may cause low central serotonin levels.

 

4)   Sleep problems: Disturbed sleep can cause Fibromyalgia. It is found that stage4 sleep has disturbed in FM patients which may lead to subnormal muscle fiber repairing.


 

5)   Injury and infection: Fibromyalgia can be triggered by an injury, especially to the upper spine or neck, or an infection caused by a virus or bacteria


6)   Genetics : fibromyalgia may sometimes be inherited.

7)   Depression and anxiety: These psychological factors can lead to FM
·         Mood disorders (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder)
·         Anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, PTSD, social phobia)
·         Eating disorders
·         Substance use disorders

8)   Having another rheumatic disease or some other autoimmune diseases like Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythamatus(SLE)



What are the signs & Symptoms of Fibromyalgia?


v  Wide spread pain and tenderness
v  Fatigue
v  Sleep disturbances or unrefreshing sleep.
v  Depression
v  Headache
v  Disturbed bowel movements
v  Skin sensitivity
v  Anxiety
v  Dizziness
v  Restless leg syndrome
v  High sensitiveness to noise, smell and light
v  Painful menstruation
v  Morning stiffness
v  Tingling and numbness in lower extremities
  


Fibromyalgia Quick Facts
  • Affects 3 to 5 percent of the general population
  • Occurs in people of all ages, even children
  • Men develop fibromyalgia too, although more women are diagnosed with it
  • Symptoms are chronic but may fluctuate throughout the day
  • Roughly one-quarter of people with fibromyalgia are work-disabled
  • FDA approved the first drug for fibromyalgia in 2007 and more treatments are being developed





Sources:

http://olivehomeopathy.in/2013/03/IBS-irritable-bowel-diet-cause-homeopathy.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14734789
http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/5/577.long
http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/Fibromyalgia/default.asp
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/fibromyalgia
http://www.umm.edu
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/781673
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/sections/fibromyalgia/
http://olivehomeopathy.blogspot.in/2012/02/rheumatoid-arthritis-cause-

symptoms.html


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