FIBROMYALGIA | Cause, symptoms, Diagnosis & treatment
Fibromyalgia
or Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common and chronic disorder characterized
by widespread pain, diffuse tenderness, and a number of other symptoms. The
word “fibromyalgia” comes from the Latin term for fibrous tissue (fibro)
and the Greek ones for muscle (myo) and pain (algia) which means
a connective tissue pain. It affects the muscles, ligaments, other connective
tissues, tendons and gastro intestinal tract.
A Gastro-enterologist may
diagnose Fibromyalgia as Irritable bowel syndrome and rheumatologist as
rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.
Patient presents FM as
persistent widespread pain, stiffness , disrupted and unrefreshing sleep,
fatigue, anxiety
and/or depression, and functional impairment of activities of daily
living, cognitive difficulties, often
accompanied by multiple other unexplained symptoms.
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Fibromyalgia can be
considered as a neurosensory characterized by abnormality in pain processing in
Central nervous system (CNS).
Scientists estimate that
fibromyalgia affects 5 million Americans age 18 or older. For unknown reasons,
between 80 and 90 percent of those diagnosed with fibromyalgia are women;
however, men and children also can be affected. Most people are diagnosed
during middle age, although the symptoms often become present earlier in life.
The NIH (National
Institutes of Health, USA) says 90% of fibromyalgia patients are women. Men and
children may also be affected.
Although symptoms may become present at any time during a person's life, they are most commonly reported when the patient is middle-aged.
Although symptoms may become present at any time during a person's life, they are most commonly reported when the patient is middle-aged.
What cause Fibromyalgia?
Scientists are not sure
about the cause of FM. But there are some theories and multiple factors which
can lead to FM.
1)
Low levels of serotonin:
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter which affects mood, promotes sleep, and helps
reduce the perception of pain.
2) High levels of substance P: Elevated
levels of substance P increase the sensitivity of nerves to pain or heighten
awareness of pain.
3) Dysfunction of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: Dysfunction of the HPA axis may exaggerate the effects of
abnormal serotonin metabolism. Hypoactivity of the HPA axis may cause low
central serotonin levels.
4) Sleep problems:
Disturbed sleep can cause Fibromyalgia. It is found that stage4 sleep has
disturbed in FM patients which may lead to subnormal muscle fiber repairing.
5)
Injury and infection: Fibromyalgia
can be triggered by an injury, especially to the upper spine or neck, or an
infection caused by a virus or bacteria
6) Genetics
:
fibromyalgia may sometimes be inherited.
7)
Depression and anxiety: These
psychological factors can lead to FM
·
Mood
disorders (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder)
·
Anxiety
disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic
disorder, PTSD, social phobia)
·
Eating
disorders
·
Substance
use disorders
8) Having
another rheumatic disease or some other autoimmune diseases like
Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythamatus(SLE)
What are the signs & Symptoms of Fibromyalgia?
v Wide
spread pain and tenderness
v Fatigue
v Sleep
disturbances or unrefreshing sleep.
v Depression
v Headache
v Disturbed
bowel movements
v Skin
sensitivity
v Anxiety
v Dizziness
v Restless
leg syndrome
v High
sensitiveness to noise, smell and light
v Painful
menstruation
v Morning
stiffness
v Tingling
and numbness in lower extremities
Fibromyalgia Quick Facts
- Affects
3 to 5 percent of the general population
- Occurs
in people of all ages, even children
- Men
develop fibromyalgia too, although more women are diagnosed with it
- Symptoms
are chronic but may fluctuate throughout the day
- Roughly
one-quarter of people with fibromyalgia are work-disabled
- FDA
approved the first drug for fibromyalgia in 2007 and more treatments are
being developed
Sources:
http://olivehomeopathy.in/2013/03/IBS-irritable-bowel-diet-cause-homeopathy.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14734789
http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/5/577.long
http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/Fibromyalgia/default.asp
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/fibromyalgia
http://www.umm.edu
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/781673
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/sections/fibromyalgia/
http://olivehomeopathy.blogspot.in/2012/02/rheumatoid-arthritis-cause-
symptoms.html
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